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' (; (:bɔttʃe)), sometimes anglicized as bocci,〔(TheFreeDictionary.com )〕〔(US Patent #5480026 )〕〔(modernruins.com )〕 is a ball sport belonging to the boules family, closely related to British bowls and French ''フランス語:pétanque'', with a common ancestry from ancient games played in the Roman Empire. Developed into its present form in Italy (where it is called ', the plural of the Italian word ' which means 'bowl' in the sport sense),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=boccia )〕 it is played around Europe and also in overseas areas that have received Italian migrants, including Australia, North America, and South America (where it is known as ', or ' ('Criollo balls') in Venezuela, ' in Brazil). Bocce was initially played among the Italian migrants but has slowly become more popular with their descendants and the wider community. The sport is also very popular on the eastern side of the Adriatic, especially in Croatia, Montenegro and Herzegovina, where the sport is known in Croatian as ' ('playing ' ==Rules and play== Bocce is traditionally played on natural soil and asphalt courts in length and wide.〔(www.BocceVolo.com - Official Rules - Chapter 1 - Article 4 - Specifications of the Court )〕 Bocce balls can be made of metal〔(www.BocceVolo.com - Official Rules - Chapter 1 - Article 1 - The Bowls )〕 or various kinds of plastic. Unlike lawn bowls, bocce balls are spherical and have no inbuilt bias. A game can be conducted between two players, or two teams of two, three, or four. A match is started by a randomly chosen side being given the opportunity to throw a smaller ball, the jack (called a ' ('little bocce') or ' ('bullet') in Italian, depending on local custom), from one end of the court into a zone in length, ending from the far end of the court. If the first team misses twice, the other team is awarded the opportunity to place the jack anywhere they choose within the prescribed zone. The side that first attempted to place the jack is given the opportunity to bowl first. Once the first bowl has taken place, the other side has the opportunity to bowl. From then on, the side which does ''not'' have the ball closest to the jack has a chance to bowl, up until one side or the other has used their four balls. At that point, the other side bowls its remaining balls. The team with the closest ball to the jack is the only team that can score points in any frame. The scoring team receives one point for each of their balls that is closer to the jack than the closest ball of the other team. The length of a game varies by region but is typically from 7 to 13 points.〔(www.BocceVolo.com - Official Rules - Chapter 2 - Article 8 - Points to be Made and the Duration of the Match )〕 Players are permitted to throw the ball in the air using an underarm action. This is generally used to knock either the jack or another ball away to attain a more favorable position. Tactics can get quite complex when players have sufficient control over the ball to throw or roll it accurately. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bocce」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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